By vet Graeme Hutchison
Osteoarthritis is a common but often underdiagnosed condition in dogs and cats across the UK.
Osteoarthritis develops when the cartilage within a joint begins to deteriorate. Cartilage normally acts as a smooth, protective cushion that allows bones to move freely. As it wears away, the joint becomes inflamed, stiff, and painful. Over time, this can lead to reduced mobility and changes in behaviour.
As vets, we often meet owners who believe their pet is simply “slowing down with age,” when they may be showing signs of OA. Recognising the signs early can make a significant difference to your pet’s comfort and quality of life.
Although it is more common in older pets, it can affect animals of any age, particularly those with previous injuries, obesity, or inherited joint problems such as hip dysplasia.
In dogs, symptoms are often easier to spot. You may notice stiffness after rest, limping, reluctance to go for walks, difficulty getting up, or hesitation when climbing stairs or jumping into the car. Behavioural changes such as irritability or reduced enthusiasm for play can also be indicators of pain.
Cats, on the other hand, are much more subtle. They are very good at hiding signs and therefore OA is often overlooked. In cats, you might notice your cat jumping less, struggling to reach high surfaces, grooming less (leading to a matted coat), or becoming quieter and less sociable. Even changes in litter tray habits can be linked to joint discomfort.
If you notice any of these signs consult your vet. We are usually able to reach a diagnosis based on a physical examination and your pet’s history, although X-rays or CT scans may sometimes be recommended.
While osteoarthritis cannot be cured, there are many effective ways to manage it. Weight control is one of the most important factors—extra weight puts unnecessary strain on joints. Regular, gentle exercise helps maintain mobility, particularly in dogs. More frequent but shorter walks are often a good way to achieve this. Your vet may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications to help address the pain and discomfort, while laser treatment, physiotherapy or hydrotherapy are also effective ways to slow down the progression of OA.
Simple adjustments at home can also help. Provide soft, supportive bedding, ensure food and water are easily accessible, and consider ramps or steps for pets that struggle to jump. For cats, low-entry litter trays can make a big difference.
Osteoarthritis is a very common condition in our cats and dogs, and while it cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed to ensure our pets are as happy and comfortable as we can possibly make them.